Sáng kiến kinh nghiệm Phương pháp giải các dạng bài tập về câu trần thuật gián tiếp

Nội dung tóm tắt: Sáng kiến kinh nghiệm Phương pháp giải các dạng bài tập về câu trần thuật gián tiếp

1. Lời giải: Xét các thành phần trong câu trần thuật gián tiếp này thì “Jenny” phải chuyển thành đại từ nhân xưng “she”. Do đó, lỗi sai ở B. Jenny. Ví dụ 2: My father said he had lived in New York City in 1980. A B C D Mốc thời gian cố định trong câu trần thuật này là “ in 1980”, do đó động từ trong câu trần thuật này giữu nguyên không thay đổi. Lỗi sai ở C. had lived. Ví dụ 3: She said she was watching T.V at this time the previous day. A B C D Dễ dàng xác định được lỗi sai trong câu là C. at this time. Đáp án đúng là “at that time”. 2.3. Dạng 3: Viết lại câu dùng câu trần thuật gián tiếp. Bước 1: Xác định rõ thì của động từ tường thuật trong câu trực tiếp để tìm ra các thành phần cần thay đổi. Bước 2: Xác định các thành phần trong câu trực tiếp cần thay đổi theo thứ tự từ trái sang phải: Đại từ nhân xưng, tính từ sở hữu, đại từ sở hữu, động từ, trạng ngữ. Bước 3: Viết lại câu phù hợp. Chuyển các câu sau sang câu gián tiếp: Ví dụ 1: Dick said to me : “ I need you help me with my project tomorrow.” Lời giải: Bước 1: Động từ tường thật “said” chia ở quá khứ đơn nên sẽ thay đổi tất cả các thành phần có liên quan. Bước 2: Các thành phần cần đổi: I, need, you, me, my, tomorrow. Bước 3: Viết lại câu: Jack said to me he needed me help him with his project the day after. Ví dụ 2: His brother told him, “You can use my computer today.” → His brother told him he could use his computer that day. Ví dụ 3: She said, “I have helped my mother.” → She said she had helped her mother. 14
2. CHƯƠNG 3: MỘT SỐ BÀI TẬP VỀ CÂU TRẦN THUẬT GIÁN TIẾP 3.1. Exercise 1: Choose the best answer. 1. Julia said that she ___ there at noon. A. is going to be B. was going to be C. will be D. can be 2. He ___ that he was leaving way that afternoon. A. told me B. told to me C. said me D. says to me 3. She said to me that she ___ to me the Sunday before. A. wrote B. has written C. was writing D. had written 4. I ___ him to sell that old motorbike. A. said to B. suggested C. advised D. recommended 5. Peter said that if he ___rich, he ___ a lot. A. is – will travel B. were- would travel C. had been – would have travelled D. was – will travel 6. They said that they had been driving through the desert___. A. the previous day B. yesterday C. the last day D.Sunday previously 7. The man said that money ___ the passport to everything. A. will be B is C. was D. can be 8. The teacher said Columbus ___America in 1492. A. discovered B. had discovered C. was discovering D. would discover 9. John said he ___ her since they ___ school. A. hasn’t met – left B. hadn’t met - had left C. hadn’t met- left D. didn’t meet – has left 10. Ba said he___ some good marks the semester before. A. gets B. got C. had gotten D. have got 11. They told their parents that they___ their best to do the test. A. try B. will try C. are trying D. would try 12. Thu said she had been___ the day before. A. here B. there C. in this place D. where 13. The student said that the English test___ the most difficult. 15
3. A. is B. was C. will be D. have been 14. She said she ___ collect it for me after work. A. would B. did C. must D. had 15. She said I ___ an angel. A. am B. was C. were D. have been 16. I have ever told you he ___ unreliable. A. is B. were C. had been D. would Be 17. I told him ___ the word to Jane somehow that I ___ to reach her during the early hours. A. passing / will try B. he will pass / tried C. to pass/ would try D. he passed / have tried 18. Laura said she had worked on the assignment since ___. A. yesterday B. two days ago C. the day before D. the next day 19. The guest told the host that ___. A. I must go now B. he must go now C. he had to go now D. he had to go then 20. Tom ___that he was having a party there in the evening. A. said to B. said C. asked D. told 3.2. Exercise 2: Change the conditional sentences into reported speech. 1. He said, “If I catch the plane, I’ll be home by five.” ___ 2. He said, “If I had a permit, I could get a job.” ___ 3. “If she had loved Tom,” he said, “she wouldn’t have left him.” ___ 4.He said, “If you have time what will you do?” ___ 5. She said, “If you want to lose weight, you must eat less bread.” ___ 6. He said, “If I had a map, I would lend it to you.” 16
4. ___ 7. He said, “If I had known that you were coming, I would have met you t the airport.” ___ 8. He wondered, “If the baby is the girl what will they call her?” ___ 9. He said, “If I lived near my office, I’d be in time for work.” ___ 10. She said, “If you feel ill, why don’t you go to bed?” ___ 3.3. Exercise 3: Turn these sentences into reported speech. 1. She said,” I can’t find my umbrella” ___ 2. They said, “We are learning English now” ___ 3. “ My friend is coming next week”, Tom said. ___ 4. “ I’ll help my mum with housework this weekend” ___ 5. “We shall overcome this difficulty”, they said ___ 6. “ My father is a doctor here”, my friend said ___ 7. “I am going on holiday tomorrow”, the boy said to his neighbor. ___ 8. “ You will have to finish all these exercises before next week”, the teacher said to his students ___ 9. “ I came back here early yesterday,” she said. ___ 17
5. 10. “ I’ve broken the vase,” she said ___ 11. “ I will never see you again,” the boy said to the girl. ___ 12. He said to her, “You are my friend.” ___ 13. Johnny said to his mother, “I don’t know how to do this axercise.” ___ 14. “We are waiting for the school bus”, said the chidren. ___ 15. Marry said, “My father died a year ago”. ___ 3.4. Exercise 4: Change the sentences below into direct speech. 1. My mother told me that she was sad then. ___ 2. One of my friends said that she liked learning English with her teacher. ___ 3. The doctor told me that I could leave the hospital that day. ___ 4. The film director said that she was willing to work then. ___ 5. The teacher told his students that he would be busy the following month. ___ 6. Tom invited me to his birthday party. ___ 7. She said the doctor had written her a prescription. ___ 8. He said that he had a toothache. ___ 9. She said she went to the museum every day. 18
6. ___ 10. They said they were going to the supermarket. ___ 3.5. Exercise 5: Choose the option that needs correcting. 1. Thu said all the students will have a meeting the following week. A B C D 2. Phong said his parents was very proud of his good marks. ABCD 3. The teacher said all the homework has to be done carefully. A B C D 4. Her father said her she could go to the movie with her friend. A B C D 5. Hoa said she may visit her parents the following summer. A B C D 6. They told that they were busy 2 days ago. A B C D 7. He spoke to me that he known a better restaurant than that one. A B C D 8. She said that she had woken up before 6 a.m yesterday morning. ABCD 9. She told she didn’t buy this book the previous Sunday. A B C D 10. He spoke to her that he would not tell anyone about that secret. A B C D 3.6. Exercise 6: Choose the correct answer. 1. Tom said: “ I have already has breakfast, so I am not hungry.” A. Tom said he had already had breakfast, so he is not hungry. B. Tom said he has already had breakfast, so he is not hungry. C. Tom said he had already had breakfast, so he was not hungry. D. Tom said he had already had breakfast, so he was not hungry. 19
7. 2. "If I were you, I'd tell him the truth," she said to me. A. She said to me that if I were you, I'd tell him the truth. B. She will tell him the truth if she is me. C. She suggested to tell him the truth if she were me. D. She advised me to tell him the truth. 3. Mary said, “ I want to give up my job.” Mary said that ___. A. she wants to give up her job. C. she wanted to give up my job. B. I wanted to give up her job. D. she wanted to give up her job 4. Mary said , “I have not seen Peter since last month .” A. Mary said she has not seen Peter since the previous month. B. Mary said she had not seen Peter since the previous month . C. Mary said she was not seen Peter since the previous month. D. Mary said she doesn’t see Peter since the previous month 5 . “I’ve been playing tennis a lot lately," John said. A. John said that I have been playing tennis a lot lately. B. John said that he has been playing tennis a lot lately. C. John said that he had been playing tennis a lot lately. D. John said that she had been playing tennis a lot lately. 6. “Tom had an accident last week, but he wasn't injured," said Mary. A. Mary said Tom had an accident last week but he wasn't injured. B. Mary said Tom had had an accident last week but he wasn't injured. C. Mary said Tom had an accident the last week but he hadn't been injured. D. Mary said Tom had had an accident the week before but he hadn't been injured. 7. “I don't know what Fred is doing," said my sister. A. My sister said that she didn't know what Fred was doing. B. My sister said she doesn't know what Fred is doing. C. My sister said that I don't know what Fred is doing. D. My sister said that she hasn't known what Fred was doing 8. The little boy said “Two and two make four.” A. The little boy said that two and two made four. 20
8. B. The little boy said that two and two have made four. C. The little boy said that two and two had made four. D. The little boy said that two and two make four. 9. Minh said to Lan ,“If I were you, I would go to the doctor. ” A. Minh told Lan to become a doctor. B. Minh advised Lan to go to the doctor. C. Minh told Lan that he would to go to the doctor. D. Minh advised Lan not to go to the doctor. 21
9. CHƯƠNG 4: KẾT QUẢ THỰC HIỆN 4.1. Trước khi hệ thống các dạng bài tập và phương pháp giải Khi dạy về câu trần thuật gián tiếp, tôi đã cung cấp cho học sinh các kiến thức có liên quan nhưng chưa hệ thống các dạng bài tập và phương pháp giải. Sau đó, tôi đã tiến hành khảo sát với 157 học sinh lớp 10 trường THPT Quang Hà (PH2). Tổng số câu hỏi là 25 câu, bao gồm cả tự luận và trắc nghiệm, thời gian làm bài 30 phút. Nội dung chi tiết câu hỏi trong Phụ lục 1. Kết quả cụ thể như sau: Lớp Sĩ Giỏi Khá Trung bình Yếu Kém số Số % Số % Số % Số % Số % lượng lượng lượng lượng lượng 10A1 40 6 15 15 37,5 19 47,5 0 0 0 0 10A2 40 4 10 12 30 17 42,5 7 17,5 0 0 10A3 39 1 2,56 9 23,07 15 38,53 10 25,6 4 10,24 10A4 38 1 2,63 7 18,42 13 34,21 10 26,3 7 18,44 Tổng 157 12 7,64 43 27,38 64 40,76 27 17,2 11 7,02 4.2. Sau khi hệ thống các dạng bài tập và phương pháp giải Sau khi cung cấp kiến thức về câu gián tiếp, tôi đã hệ thống các dạng bài tập và phương pháp giải tương ứng của các dạng bài tập đó cho học sinh. Sau một thời gian, tôi tiến hành khảo sát lại chính đối tượng đó. Số lượng và nội dung câu hỏi khảo sát tương tụ như lần khảo sát đầu tiên. Nội dung chi tiết câu hỏi trong Phụ lục 2. Kết quả thu được thể hiện trong bảng sau: 22
10. Lớp Sĩ Giỏi Khá Trung bình Yếu Kém số Số % Số % Số % Số % Số % lượng lượng lượng lượng lượng 10A1 40 9 22,5 22 55 9 22,5 0 0 0 0 10A2 40 6 15 16 40 14 30 4 10 0 0 10A3 39 2 5,12 11 28,2 18 46,15 6 15,4 2 5,23 10A4 38 2 5,26 9 23,68 16 42,10 6 15,78 5 13,17 Tổng 112 19 12,10 58 36,94 57 36,30 16 10,19 7 4,47 So sánh kết quả giữa hai lần khảo sát, tỉ lệ học sinh đạt loại giỏi tăng 4,46%, loại khá tăng 9,56%, tương ứng loại yếu, kém giảm lần lượt 7,01 và 2,55%. Kết quả này có được sau khi giáo viên đưa ra các dạng bài tập và phương pháp giải tương ứng cho từng dạng bài. Kết quả thu được cho thấy học sinh đã nắm vững về câu trần thuật gián tiếp và làm tốt hơn các dạng bài có liên quan. 23
11. KẾT LUẬN Nắm vững kiến thức về câu trần thuật gián tiếp không những giúp học sinh giải quyết các vấn đề ngữ pháp mà còn phát triển kỹ năng viết. Nhận thức được tầm quan trọng đó, chuyên đề đã tập trung vào những vấn đề cốt lõi và nâng cao của câu trần thuật gián tiếp, đồng thời hệ thống các dạng bài tập và phương pháp giải có hiệu quả cho từng dạng bài tập. Trong quá trình giảng dạy, giáo viên cần căn cứ vào điều kiện thức tiễn và khả năng lĩnh hội của từng đối tượng học sinh để có những điều chỉnh phù hợp. Với những gì đã triển khai ở trên, tôi hi vọng rằng đề tài sẽ phần nào giải quyết được khâu ôn đề, luyện đề cho người học với một vấn đề ngữ pháp cụ thể. Tuy vậy, đề tài nghiên cứu không tránh khỏi sự thiếu sót. Tôi rất mong được sự góp ý của các đồng nghiệp để tôi tiếp tục hoàn thiện đề tài này, qua đó nâng cao năng lực giảng dạy, góp phần nâng cao chất lượng dạy và học đáp ứng yêu cầu của kỳ thi trung học phổ thông quốc gia hiện nay. 24
12. PHỤ LỤC 1 I. Cirle the best option to complete each sentence. 1. Emma said she’d only had the new computer since ___. A. the day before B. last day C. yesterday D. tomorrow 2. Mathew said he was meeting a friend at the station later ___. A. the day before B. last day C. yesterday D. then 3. Hoa told me ___ she had seen Titanic three times. A. what B. that C. this D.why 4. I rang my friend in Australia yesterday, and she said it ___ raining there. A. is B. were C. has been D. was 5. The doctor ___ him to take more exercise. A. told B. tells C. has told D. had told 6. Ann ___ and left. A. said good bye to me C. says me good bye B. tell me good bye D. told me good bye 7. Someone ___ me that there’d been an accident on the motorway. A. asked B. said C. spoke D. told 8. He said that he had met her ___ . A. yesterday B. the previous day C. the day D. the before day 9. Peter said he was leaving for Paris ___ . A. next week B. the week previous C. following week D. the following week 10. They said that their house had been broken down ___ . A. two days ago B. two days before C. the two days before D. since two days Đáp án: 1. A 2. D 3. B 4. D 5. A 6. A 7. D 8. B 9. D 10. B 25
13. II. Rewrite these following sentences with the same meaning. 1. She said, "I am reading." → She said that . 2. They said, "We are busy." → They said that 3. He said, "I know a better restaurant." → He said that 4. She said, "I woke up early." → She said that . 5. He said, "I will ring her." → He said that . 6. They said, "We have just arrived." → They said that 7. He said, "I will clean the car." → He said that . 8. She said, "I did not say that." → She said that . 9. She said, "I don't know where my shoes are." → She said that . 10. He said: "I won't tell anyone." → He said that Đáp án: 1. She said that she was reading. 2. They said that they were busy. 3. He said that he knew a better restaurant. 4. She said that she had woken up early. 5. He said that he would ring her. 6. They said that they had just arrived. 7. He said that he would clean the car. 8. She said that she had not said that. 26
14. 9. She said that she did not know where her shoes were. 10. He said that he would not tell anyone. III. Choose the option that needs correcting. 1. He said to me that he will go to America the next Monday. A B C D 2. John spoke he wanted to attend a famous university. A B C D 3. Mary told Peter she is looking for the book he had given her the week before. A B C D 4. Alfred told John he had not promise to send him a telegram. A B C D 5. She said she would gets herself a drink. A B C D Đáp án: 1. B 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. B 27
15. PHỤ LỤC 2 I. Cirle the best option to complete each sentence. 1. She said that she ___ him the previous day. A. had visited B. has visited C. will visit D. would visit 2. He said that he ___ me there at 4.30 this afternoon. A. would meet B. met C. will meet D. meets 3. The salesman was telling me that he ___ ten cars last week. A. sold B. had sold C. would sell D. has sold 4. Did Bob say that he ___ from Princeton by 1951? A. would graduate B. graduates C. has graduated D. had graduated 5. Some ___ the tickets are free A. said me B. said me that C. told me D. told to me 6. “I’ll do it tomorrow”. He said he’d do it ___ A. the following day B. tomorrow C. today D. the previous day 7. When I rang Tessa sometime, she said she was busy ___ day A. that B. the C. then D. this 8. When he was at Oliver’s flat yesterday, Martin asked if he ___ use the phone A. can B. could C. may D. must 9. She ___ her holiday in Finland A. said me about B. told about C. said about D. told me about 10. You said you ___chocolate, but you aren’t eating any. A. like B. has liked C. are liking D. liked Đáp án 1. A 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. C 6. A 7. A 8. B 9. D 10. A II. Rewrite these following sentences with the same meaning. 1. Nam said, “I am told to be at school before 7 o’clock.” → 28
16. 2. Thu said, “All the students will have a meeting next week.” → . 3. Phong said, “My parents are very proud of my good marks.” → 4. The teacher said , “All the homework must be done carefully.” → . 5. Her father said to her ,“You can go to the movie with your friend.” → 6. Hoa said, “I may visit my parents in the summer.” → 7. The teacher said, “We can collect old book for the poor students.” → 8. She said, “She doesn’t buy this book.” → . 9. The boys said, “We have to try our best to win the match.” → 10. Her classmate said, “Lan is the most intelligent girl in our class.” → Đáp án: 1. Nam said he was told to be at school before 7 o’clock. 2. Thu said all the students would have a meeting the following week. 3. Phong said his parents were very proud of his good marks. 4. The teacher said all the homework had to be be done carefully. 5. Her father said to her she could go to the movie with her friend. 6. Hoa said she might visit her parents in the summer. 7. The teacher said they could collect old book for the poor students. 8. She said she didn’t buy that book. 9. The boys said they had to try their best to win the match. 10. Her classmate said Lan was the most intelligent girl in thier class. 29
17. III. Choose the option that needs correcting. 1. He said he couldn’t drive them home now. A B C D 2. He said the film had begun at seven o’clock yesterday. A B C D 3. His father says he had been on a business trip the whole day the day before. A B B C 4. James said his brother will get married the following month. A B C D 5. She tell she will get herself a drink. A B C D Đáp án: 1. D 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. A 30
18. TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO Aik, K.C. & Hui, K.K. (1992). Longman Dictionary of Grammar and Usage. Singapore: Pearson Education Asia Pte Ltd. Alexander, L.G. (1990). Longman English Grammar Practice for Intermediate Students. Essex: Longman. Baugh, L.S. (1993). Essentials of English Grammar. Illinois: Passport Books. Xuân Bá (2002). Bài Tập Ngữ Pháp Tiếng Anh. Hà Nội: Nxb Thế Giới. 31
19. - Về khả năng áp dụng của sáng kiến: “Phương pháp giải các dạng bài tập về câu trần thuật gián tiếp” đã được áp dụng với 157 học sinh lớp 10 trường THPT Quang Hà và mang lại hiệu quả rõ rệt. Sáng kiến có thể áp dụng rộng rãi với các khối lớp 11 và lớp 12 trong chương trình Tiếng Anh trung học phổ thông. VIII. Những thông tin cần được bảo mật: Không có IX. Các điều kiện cần thiết để áp dụng sáng kiến Học sinh cần được trang bị đầy đủ kiến thức về câu trần thuật gián tiếp và các vấn đề có liên quan. X. Đánh giá lợi ích thu được hoặc dự kiến có thể thu được do áp dụng sáng kiến theo ý kiến của tác giả và theo ý kiến của tổ chức, cá nhân đã tham gia áp dụng sáng kiến lần đầu, kể cả áp dụng thử (nếu có) theo các nội dung sau: 1. Đánh giá lợi ích thu được hoặc dự kiến có thể thu được do áp dụng sáng kiến theo ý kiến của tác giả: Khi áp dụng “Phương pháp giải các dạng bài tập về câu trần thuật gián tiếp”, tỉ lệ học sinh có kết quả giỏi, khá tăng lên, tỉ lệ học sinh có kết quả yếu, kém giảm đi. Kết quả cho thấy học sinh làm bài tập tốt hơn sau khi áp dụng sáng kiến. 2. Đánh giá lợi ích thu được hoặc dự kiến có thể thu được do áp dụng sáng kiến theo ý kiến của tổ chức, cá nhân: - Học sinh có hứng thú hơn với môn học. - Học sinh nắm chắc cấu trúc, cách chuyển đổi từ câu trần thuật trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp và các vấn đề liên quan. - Học sinh làm tốt hơn các dạng bài tập về câu trần thuật gián tiếp. XI. Danh sách những tổ chức/cá nhân đã tham gia áp dụng sáng kiến lần đầu 32
20. Số Tên tổ Địa chỉ Phạm vi/Lĩnh vực TT chức/cá áp dụng sáng kiến nhân 1 Lớp 10A1 Trường THPT Quang Hà Tiếng Anh lớp 10 chương Phân hiệu 2- Xã Bá trình Thí điểm Hiến- Huyện Bình Xuyên- Tỉnh Vĩnh Phúc 2 Lớp 10A2 Trường THPT Quang Hà Tiếng Anh lớp 10 chương Phân hiệu 2- Xã Bá trình Thí điểm Hiến- Huyện Bình Xuyên- Tỉnh Vĩnh Phúc 3 Lớp 10A3 Trường THPT Quang Hà Tiếng Anh lớp 10 chương Phân hiệu 2- Xã Bá trình Thí điểm Hiến- Huyện Bình Xuyên- Tỉnh Vĩnh Phúc 4 Lớp 10A4 Trường THPT Quang Hà Tiếng Anh lớp 10 chương Phân hiệu 2- Xã Bá trình Thí điểm Hiến- Huyện Bình Xuyên- Tỉnh Vĩnh Phúc Bình Xuyên, ngày tháng 02 năm 2019 Bình Xuyên, ngày 18 tháng 02 năm 2019 PHÓ HIỆU TRƯỞNG TÁC GIẢ SÁNG KIẾN Nguyễn Viết Ngọc Dương Thị Mai 33